Toelichting bij SWD(2014)235 - EU Accountability Report 2014 on Financing for Development Review of progress by the EU and its Member States - Hoofdinhoud
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| dossier | SWD(2014)235 - EU Accountability Report 2014 on Financing for Development Review of progress by the EU and its Member States. |
|---|---|
| bron | SWD(2014)235 |
| datum | 03-07-2014 |
Inhoudsopgave
- Brussels, 3.7.2014 SWD(2014) 235 final
- PART 2/5
- Annex 1 - Bibliography..............................................................................................................3
- Annex 2 - Methodology...........................................................................................................15
- - World Bank: World Development IndicatorsfWDI) and International Debt Statistics (IDS)
- - OECD DAC: Geo Book and Table 1
- Not all series are complete, due to lack of comparable data for some countries. In particular, public and private domestic finance suffer from under-reporting. Issues to highlight:
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT
EU Accountability Report 2014 on Financing for Development Review of progress by the EU and its Member States
EN
EN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Annex 1 - Bibliography..............................................................................................................3
Annex 2 - Methodology...........................................................................................................15
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Annex 1 - Bibliography
Integrated and Comprehensive Approach to Financing for Development and Post-2015
CONCORD/AID WATCH (2012) Global financial flows, aid and development
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2013) Conclusions on policy coherence for development, Foreign Affairs (Development) Council, Brussels, 12 December 2013
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2013) Conclusions of the Council and of the representatives of the governments of the member states, meeting within the Council, on financing poverty eradication and sustainable development beyond 2015, Brussels, 12 December 2013
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2012) Conclusions on Rio+20: Outcome and follow-up to the UNCSD 2012 Summit, 3194th ENVIRONMENT Council meeting, Luxembourg, 25 October 2012
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (2013) Conclusions on the overarching post-2015 agenda, General Affairs Council, Brussels, 25 June 2013
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (2012) Conclusions on Financing for Development, 3191st Foreign Affairs Development Council meeting, Luxembourg, 15 October 2012
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2013) A decent life for all: Ending poverty and giving the world a sustainable future, COM(2013) 92 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2013) EU 2013 Report on Policy Coherence for Development, SWD(2013) 456 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) Improving EU support to developing countries in mobilising Financing for Development - Recommendations based on the 2012 EU Accountability Report on Financing for Development, COM(2012) 366 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) EU Accountability Report on Financing for Development, SWD (2012) 199 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) Report on the consultation process on Towards a post-2015 development framework, EuropeAid/IBF
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2011) Increasing the Impact of EU Development Policy: An Agenda for Change, COM (2011) 637 final
EUROPEAN REPORT ON DEVELOPMENT (2013) Post-2015: Global Action for an Inclusive and Sustainable Future, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), German Development Institute/Deutsches Institut fur Entwicklungspolitik (DIE), European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM)
Greenhill, Romilly and Ali Ahmed (2013), Paying for progress: how will emerging post-2015 goals be financed in the new aid landscape?, ODI, Working Paper 366
HIGH-LEVEL PANEL ON THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA (2013) A New Global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies through Sustainable Development, Final Report
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SUMNER, ANDREW (2012), From Deprivation to Distribution: Is Global Poverty Becoming A Matter of National Inequality?, June 2012, Institute of Development Studies, IDS Working Paper Volume 2012 No 394.
OECD/DAC (2013) Guarantees for Development: Options for Data Collection, DCD/D AC/ST AT(2013)17
UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY (2012) Follow-up to and implementation of the Monterrey Consensus and Doha Declaration on Financing for Development, Report of the Secretary-General
UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY (2012) Modalities of the Financing for Development follow-up process, Report of the Secretary-General
UN TASK TEAM on the Post-2015 Development Agenda (2013) Financing for sustainable development: Review of global investment requirement estimates, UNTT Working Group on Financing for Sustainable Development - Background Papers
UN TASK TEAM ON THE POST-2015 UN DEVELOPMENT AGENDA (2012) A Renewed Global Partnership for Development
UN TASK TEAM ON THE POST-2015 UN DEVELOPMENT AGENDA (2012) Realizing the future we want for all, Report to the Secretary General
WOLRD BANK (2013) Financingfor Development, Washington, 2013
Domestic Public Finance for Development
• Domestic Revenue Mobilisation
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2010) Conclusions on Tax and Development - Cooperating with developing countries in promoting good governance in tax matters, 11082/10, 15 June 2010
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2013) Conclusions on Tax Evasion and Tax Fraud, Economic and Financial Affairs Council meeting, Brussels, 14 May 2013.
DANTDA (2013), Guidelines for development contracts
Development Initiatives (2014), Aid for domestic resource mobilisation: how much is there?, Tim Strawson and Gutolfan, Briefing, February 2014
Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on the annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and related reports of certain types of undertakings, amending Directive 2006/43/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directives 78/660/EEC and 83/349/EEC
Directive 2013/50/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 amending Directive 2004/109/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the harmonisation of transparency requirements in relation to information about issuers whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market, Directive 2003/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prospectus to be published when securities are offered to the public or admitted to trading and Commission Directive 2007/14/EC laying down detailed rules for the implementation of certain provisions of Directive 2004/109/EC
EURODAD (2013) Giving with one hand and taking with the other: Europe's role in tax-related capital flight from developing countries 2013
EURODAD (2013) Secret structures, hidden crimes: Urgent steps to address hidden ownership, money laundering and tax evasion from developing countries
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EURODAD/ACTIONAID (2011) Approaches and Impacts IFI tax policy in developing countries
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012), Budget Support Guidelines: Executive Guide - A modern approach to Budget support, Brussels, September 2012
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) Communication on concrete ways to reinforce the fight against tax fraud and tax evasion including in relation to third countries, COM(2012) 351 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) Commission Recommendation regarding measures intended to encourage third countries to apply minimum standards of good governance in tax matters, COM(2012) 8805 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) Commission Recommendation on aggressive tax planning, COM(2012) 8806 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2011) Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2004/109/EC on the harmonisation of transparency requirements in relation to information about issuers whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market and Commission Directive 2007/14/EC, COM(2011) 683 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) An Action Plan to strengthen the fight against tax fraud and tax evasion, COM(2012) 722 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION/ Europe Aid (2012) Budget Support Guidelines
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2011) The Future Approach to EU Budget Support to Third Countries, COM(2011) 638 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2011) Transfer pricing and developing countries - Final Report, EuropeAid/PwC
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2010) Tax and Development: Cooperating with Developing Countries on Promoting Good Governance in Tax Matters, COM(2010) 163 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2009) Promoting Good Governance in Tax Matters, COM(2009) 201 final
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT (2013) Thematic Paper on Money Laundering: Relationship between Money Laundering, Tax Evasion and Tax Havens, Special Committee on Organised Crime, Corruption and Money Laundering, Author: Mr Rui Tavares
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT (2012) Resolution of 19 April 2012 on the call for concrete ways to combat tax fraud and tax evasion
G20 (2013) G20 Leader's Declaration, Saint Petersburg Summit, September 2013
GLOBAL FINANCIAL INTEGRITY (2013) Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries: 2002-2011
GIZ/International Tax Compact (2010) Addressing tax evasion and tax avoidance in developing countries
GLOBAL FINANCIAL INTEGRITY (2012) Illicit Financial Flows From Developing Countries: 2001-2010
ICTD (2012) Donors, Aid and Taxation in Developing Countries - An Overview, Working paper 6
5
ICTD (2012) Taxing the Informal Economy: Challenges, Possibilities and Remaining Questions, Working paper 4
ICTD (2012) Taxation and Development: What Have We Learned from Fifty Years of Research?, Working paper 1
IMF (2009) Empirical Evidence on the Effects of Tax Incentives, WP/09/136
IDB (2010) Tax Expenditure Budgets - Concepts and Challenges for Implementation, IDB-WP-131
IMF (2012) Tax Composition and Growth: A Broad Cross-Country Perspective, WP/12/257
IMF (2012), Taxation and Development-Again, WP/12/220
IMF (2012) Foreign AidandRevenue: Still a Crow ding Out Effect?, WP/12/186
IMF (2012) Mobilizing Revenue in Sub-Saharan Africa: Empirical Norms and Key Determinants, WP/12/108
IMF (2011) Revenue Mobilization in Developing Countries, Policy paper
ITC (2010) Addressing tax evasion and tax avoidance in developing countries, GIZ GmbH/BMZ ODI (2013), Taxation and Developing Countries - Training Notes, EPS Peaks, September 2013 OECD (2013), Action Plan on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting,
OECD (2014), Fragile States Report 2014 - Domestic Resource Mobilisation in Fragile States OECD (2013) Saint Petersburg Development Outlook,
OECD (2013) Tax and Development - Aid Modalities for Strengthening Tax Systems OECD (2013) Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting OECD (2011) Tax transparency 2011 - Report on progress
OECD (2011) Convention on combating bribery of foreign public officials in international business transactions
OECD (2011) Revisiting MDG Cost Estimates from a Domestic Resource Mobilisation Perspective, OECD Development Centre, Working Paper No. 306
OECD/Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes (2012) Progress Report to the G20, Los Cabos, Mexico, June 2012
PwC (2012) Tax transparency and country-by-country reporting: An overview and comparison of the transparency initiatives
TAX JUSTICE NET WORK-Afri ca/ ACTION AID (2012) Tax Competition in East Africa, a race to the bottom?
TAX JUSTICE NETWORK (2011) The cost of tax abuse: Briefing paper on the cost of tax evasion worldwide
TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (2013) Exporting Corruption - Progress Report 2013: Assessing Enforcement of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery, October 2013
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TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (2012) Exporting Corruption? Country enforcement of the OECD anti-bribery Convention, Progress Report 2012
TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (2013) Natural resource corruption dealt a blow by new EU transparency rules, Press Release, 9 April 2013
UK HOUSE OF COMMONS International Development Committee (2012) Tax in Developing Countries: Increasing Resources for Development, Fourth Report of Session 2012-13
UNDP (2011) Illicit Financial Flows from the Least Developed Countries: 1990-2008, Discussion Paper
WORLD BANK (2012) Draining Development? Controlling Flows of Illicit Funds From Developing Countries, Ed. Peter Reuter
• Debt
Bua, G., Pradelli, J., and A. Presbitero (2013); Domestic public debt in low-income countries: trends and structure; World Bank Policy Research Working Paper
CANUTO, Otaviano, and LILI Liu, Eds. (2013) Until Debt Do Us Part: Subnational Debt, Insolvency, and Markets, World Bank
IMF (2013) Review of the policy on debt limits in fund-supported programs
IMF (2012) World Economic Outlook: Coping with High Debt and Sluggish Growth
IMF (2012) Review of the policy on debt limits in fund supported programs
PARIS CLUB (2012) Press release of the Meeting of the Paris Club with representatives of non-Paris Club bilateral creditors and representatives of the private sector
Sudarshan Gooptu (2013), Debt Sustainability in ACP Countries, Presentation at the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, Meeting of the Committee on Economic Development, Finance, and Trade, Brussels
Sharma, Ruchir (2014) China's debt-fuelled boom is in danger of turning to bust, Financial Times, 27 January 2014
UNCTAD (2013 Mid-Term review of the Strategic Plan for 2011-2014 - Debt Management and Financial Analysis System Programme, N. Kappagoda and R. Culpeper, October 2013
UNCTAD (2012) Strategic Plan 2011 - 2014, DMFAS Programme
UN/DESA (2013) World Economic Situation and Prospects
UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY (2012) External debt sustainability and development, Report of the Secretary General, A/67/174
Wigglesworth, Robin and Wagstyl, Stefan (2014), Quantitative easing: End of the line, Financial Times, 23 June 2013
WORLD BANK (2014), International Debt Statistics - 2014, Washington DC
WORLD BANK (2014), Global Economic Prospects - Copying with Policy Normalization in High-Income Countries, volume 8, Washington DC
WORLD BANK (2013) International Debt Statistics 2013
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WORLD BANK (2012) Global Development Finance 2012: External Debt of Developing Countries
WORLD BANK (2011), Restructuring sovereign debts with private sector creditors: theory and practice' in Sovereign Debt and the Financial Crisis: Will This Time Be Different?, Eds. Carlos Braga and Gallina Vincelette
WORLD BANK/IMF (2012) Revisiting the Debt Sustainability Framework for Low-Income Countries
Private Finance for Development
• Private investment for development
ECDPM (2012) GREAT Insights - Thematic focus: Private Sector for Development, Vol. 1, Issue 8, October 2012
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) Social Protection in European Union Development Cooperation, COM(2012) 446 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2013) Evaluation of European Community Support to Private Sector Development in Third Countries, EuropeAid/ADE
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2003) European Community Cooperation with Third Countries: The Commission's approach to future support for the development of the Business sector, COM (2003) 267
Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation(2013) develoPPP.de Public-Private Partnerships with the BMZ, Berlin
IMF (2013) Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Investment: the Case of Developing Countries, WP/13/52
OECD (2014), FDI in Figures - International Investment Struggles UNCTAD (2014), Global Investments TrendMonitor, No. 15, January 2014
UNCTAD (2012) World Investment Report 2012: Towards a New Generation of Investment Policies
WOLRD BANK (2013) New Partnership Takes Fresh Approach to Creating Jobs and Strengthening Private Sector Growth Potential, Press Release, September 18, 2013.
WORLD BANK/IFC (2013) Doing Business 2013: Smarter Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises
WORLD BANK/IFC (2012) International Finance Institutions and Development Through the Private Sector
• Corporate Social Responsibility
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2013) Conclusions on the first anniversary of the EU Strategic Framework and Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy and the appointment of the EUSR for Human Rights, Foreign Affairs Council meeting, Brussels, 22 July 2013
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2013) Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council amending Council Directives 78/660/EEC and 83/349/EEC as regards disclosure of nonfinancial and diversity information by certain large companies and groups, COM(2013) 207 final
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) My business and human rights: A guide to human rights for small and medium-sized enterprises
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2011) A renewed EU strategy 2011-14 for Corporate Social Responsibility, COM(2011) 681 final
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT (2013) Resolution of 6 February 2013 on Corporate social responsibility: accountable, transparent and responsible business behaviour and sustainable growth, 2012/2098(INI)
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT (2013) Resolution of 6 February 2013 on Corporate social responsibility: promoting society's interests and a route to sustainable and inclusive recovery, 2012/2097(INI)
UN OHCUR (2011) Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights
• Trade and Development
ECDPM (2013y) Interview with EU Trade Commissioner Kar el De Gucht. GREAT Insights, Volume 2, Issue 5. July-August 2013
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2013) Evaluation of the European Union's Trade Related Assistance in Third Countries
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2013) A comparative analysis of EU and US trade preferences for the LDCs and the AGOA beneficiaries, Directorate-General for Trade, Chief Economist Note, Issue 1
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) Trade, Growth and Development: Tailoring trade and investment policy for those countries most in need, COM(2012) 22 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) Trade as a driver of development, Commission Staff Working Document
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) EU Trade and Investment 2012, Directorate-General for Trade
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) Ten Benefits of Trade for Developing Countries, Directorate-General for Trade
ODI (20\3)Future directions for Aidfor Trade, Y. Basnett, December 2013 UNCTAD (2013) Exploiting the Potential of the Trade in Services for Development WTO (2013) International Trade Statistics 2013
WTO (2013) Aidfor trade at a Glance 2013: Connecting to value chains
• Remittances for Development
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2013) Council Conclusions on the 2013 UN High-Leve I Dialogue on Migration and Development and on Broadening the Development-Migration Nexus, Council and Representatives of the Governments of Member States, Brussels, 23 September 2013.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2013) Maximising the Development Impact of Migration The EU contribution for the UN High-level Dialogue and next steps towards broadening the development-migration nexus, COM(2013) 292 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) EU Remittances for Developing Countries, Remaining Barriers, Challenges and Recommendations, Europe Aid/HTSPE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT (2014) The Impact of Remittances on developing countries, Directorate-General for External Policies of the Union
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HUDSON INSTITUTE (2012) Index of Global Philanthropy and Remittances 2012, Centre for Global Prosperity
OECD (2011) Tackling the Policy Challenges of Migration: Regulation, Integration, Development
UNCTAD (2012) The Least Developed Countries Report 2012 - Harnessing Remittances and Diaspora Knowledge to Build Productive Capacities
WORLD BANK (2013) Remittance Prices Worldwide, Issue 9, March 2014 WORLD BANK (2012) Migration and Development Brief No 19
WORLD BANK (2011) Leveraging Migration for Africa Remittances, Skills, and Investments, edited by Dilip Ratha
International Public Finance for Development
• Official Development Assistance
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2013), Conclusions: Annual Report 2013 to the European Council on EU Development Aid Targets, Foreign Affairs Council meeting, Brussels, 28 May 2013
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2008) Council Conclusions - Guidelines for EU participation in the International Conference on Financing for Development (Doha, 29 November - 2 December 2008), General Affairs and External Relations Council meeting, Brussels, 29 November 2008 ECDPM (2012), Reporting on Development: ODA and Financing for Development. Study commissioned by The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT (2014), Modernising ODA in the framework of the post-MDG Agenda: Challenges and opportunities,
EUROPEAN COURT OF AUDITORS (2013) EU climate finance in the context of external aid, Special Report No 17/2013, December 2013
IEA (2013), IEA World Energy Outlook 2013
OECD/DAC (2013) Moving Towards Accession to the DAC, DCD/DAC (2013)1
OECD/DAC (2013) Loan Concessionality in DAC Statistics, DCD/DAC (2013)2
OECD/DAC (2012) Concessionality in Character: Sensitivity Analysis Using Differentiated Discount Rates, DCD/D AC/ST AT(2012)21
OECD/DAC (2012) DAC High-Level Meeting Communiqué, London, December 2012
OECD/DAC (2012) DAC Report on Aid Predictability: Survey on Donors' Forward Spending Plans, 2012-2015 and efforts since HLF-4
• Climate Finance / Sustainable Development
AFRICA GROWTH INITIATIVE (2013) Foresight Africa - Top Priorities for the Continent in 2013, Brookings Institute
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2013) Conclusions on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Economic and Financial Affairs Council meeting, Brussels, 15 October 2013
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2012) Conclusions on Rio+20: Outcome and follow-up to the UNCSD 2012 Summit, 3194th ENVIRONMENT Council meeting, Luxembourg, 25 October 2012
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COUNCIL OF THE EU (2013) Conclusions on climate finance - fast start finance, Economic and Financial Affairs Council meeting, Brussels, 14 May 2013.
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2011) Conclusions on the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020, Brussels, 23 June 2011
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2011) Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020, COM(2011) 244 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) European Union fast start funding for developing countries, 2010-2012 Report
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) Catalogue of EU funded projects in Environmental research (2007-2012), Directorate-General for Research and Innovation
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2011) Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change, COM(2011) 789 final
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2011) Scaling up international climate finance after 2012, Commission Staff Working Document, SEC(2011) 487 final
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT (2012) Report on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change, Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, 2012,Rapporteur: Bas Eickhout, A7-0191/2012
IMF (20\\)Promising Domestic Fiscal Instruments for Climate Finance, Background Paper for the Report to the G20 on Mobilising Sources of Climate Finance
OECD (2011) OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050 - The consequences of inaction OECD/DAC (2011) Identifying New Measures for Non-ODA Development Contributions
OECD (2010) Financing Climate Change Action
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2009), Connecting Biodiversity and Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, Report of the Second Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Biodiversity and Climate Change. Montreal, Technical Series No. 41
UNECA (2012) Bridging the means of implementation gap: Key issues for Africa
UNFCCC (2012) Report of the Global Environment Facility to the Conference of the Parties, FCCC/CP/2012/6
UNFCCC (2012) Report of the Conference of the Parties on its eighteenth session, held in Doha from 26 November to 8 December 2012
UNFCCC (2007) Investment and Financial Flows to Address Climate Change
WORLD BANK (2012) Adaptation Fund Trust Fund Financial Report, December 2012
WORLD BANK (2012) Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4°C Warmer World Must Be Avoided, November 2012.
WORLD BANK (2010) Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change - Synthesis Report
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WORLD BANK (2010) The Cost to Developing Countries of Adapting to Climate Change: New Methods and Estimates
• Science, Technology and Innovation
Bravo-Biosca, A., C.Criscuolo and C. Menon (2013) What Drives the Dynamics of Business Growth?, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers, No. l,OECD Publishing
BROZSKA, Michaela (2010) Analysis of and recommendations for covering security relevant expenditures within and outside of official development assistance, Paper 53, Bonn International Centre for Conversion
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2013), Conclusions on Enhancing and Focusing EU International Cooperation in Research and Innovation: a Strategic Approach, Competitiveness Council meeting, Brussels, 29-30 May 2013
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2012) Enhancing and focusing EU international cooperation in research and innovation: A strategic approach, COM 2012(497)
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2007) A New Approach to International S&T Cooperation in the EU's 7th Framework Programme (2007-2013), Directorate-General for Research,
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2003) Communication from the European Communities and their Member States to the TRIPs Council, Ref. 032/03 final
FALVEY, R. and FOSTER, N. (2006) The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Technology Transfer and Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence, UNIDO.
ICTSD (2012) Technology Transfer and Innovation: Key Country Priorities for Rio+20
IDS (2012) Renewable Technology Transfer to Developing Countries: One Size Does Not Fit All, Working Paper Volume 2012 No 412
ODI (2012) From high to low aid: a proposal to classify countries by aid receipt, Background Note
OECD/DAC (2012) New directions in DAC measurement and monitoring of external development finance, Paper prepared for the DAC High Level Meeting of December 2012
OECD/DAC (2011) Identifying New Measures for Non-ODA Development Contributions, DCD/DAC (2011)43;
PARK,KRYLOVA, REYNOLDS, BARDER (20\4)Europe Beyond Aid: Evaluating Europe's Contribution to the Transfer of Technology and Knowledge to Developing Nations, Center for Global Development, 2014.
UN GENERAL ASSRMBLY (2013) UN Resolution on Science Technology and Innovation for Development, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2013
UNCTAD (2012) Technology and Innovation Report 2012: Innovation, Technology and South-South Collaboration
UNCTAD (2004) Facilitating Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries: A Survey of Home-Country Measures
UNFCCC (2006) Innovative options for financing the development and transfer of technologies, Technical Paper, FCCC/TP/2006/1
WTO (2013) European Union Report on the Implementation of Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement, IP/C/W/594/Add.3 4, October2013
12
WTO (2012) European Union Report on the Implementation of Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement, IP/C/W/580/Add.7
WTO (2012) Questions posed by the LDC Group in the context of the tenth annual review under paragraph 2 of the Decisions on the implementation of Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement, IP/C/W/578
WTO (2011) European Union Report on the Implementation of Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement, IP/C/W/551/Add.7
Combining Public and Private Finance for Development/Innovative financing mechanisms
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2013) Conclusions on local authorities in development, Foreign Affairs Council meeting, Brussels, July 22 2013
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2013) Mid-Term Evaluation of the Neighbourhood Investment Facility under the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) 2007-2013, Final Report, Jacques Poirson et al.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2013) Empowering Local Authorities in partner countries for enhanced governance and more effective development outcomes, COM(2013) 280 final
EUROPEAN THINK TANK GROUP (201 l)EU Blending Facilities: Implications for Future Governance Options, ODI/FRIDE/DIE/ECDPM
MIRABILE, M., BENN, J., and SANGARÉ, C. (2013), Guarantees for Development, OECD Development Cooperation Working Papers , No. 11, OECD Publishing.
OECD/DAC (2011) Mapping of some important innovative finance for development mechanisms, DCD/D AC/ST AT/RD(2011)1/RD1
WORLD BANK (2013) Financing for Development Post-2015, The World Bank Group, October 2013
WORLD BANK (2009), Innovating Development Finance: From Financing Sources to Financial Solutions, CFP Working Paper Series No. 1
Using Development Finance Effectively
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2014) Conclusions on the EU common position for the First High Level Meeting of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation in Mexico City on 15-16 April 2014, Foreign Affairs Council meeting, Brussels, 17 March 2014
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2011) Conclusions on the EU Common Position for the 4th High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness (Busan, South Korea, 29/11 -1/12/2011), 16773/11, 14 November 2011
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2011) Conclusions on An Operational Framework on Aid Effectiveness -Consolidated text, 18239/10, 11 January 2011
COUNCIL OF THE EU (2013), Conclusions on EU approach to resilience, Foreign Affairs Council meeting, Brussels, 28 May 2013
IMF/EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2013) Good Practice Note on Sequencing PFM Reforms, Jack Diamond, PEFA
KHARAS, Homi (2008) Measuring the cost of aid volatility, Brookings Global Economy and Development
OECD/DAC (2012) What is the common standard for aid information?, Communications Note drafted by the ad-hoc group for the common standard, October 2012
13
OECD/UNDP (2014) Making Development Co-operation More Effective: 2014 Progress Report, Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation, OECD Publishing
OPEN FORUM FOR CSO DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS (2013) Istanbul CSO Development Effectiveness Principles
UN/ECOSOC (2013) Preparations for the Development Cooperation Forum - Phase IV: 2012-2014, DCF Support Strategy
WOOD, Bernard, et al (2011) The Evaluation of the Paris Declaration, Phase 2 Final Report, Danish Institute for Development
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Annex 2 - Methodology
All figures that were not originally expressed in Euro have been converted into EUR using the OECD/DAC average exchange rates for the relevant year. Detailed Finance Statistics 2002-2011
The FFD data in Chapter 1 are based on further developments to the methodology used in the 2013 EU Accountability Report and present time series for all countries and for different country groups for the decade 2002-2011. As such, it is an illustration of the spectrum of country situations and can provide a factual basis for discussions about the mix of financing sources.
This exercise highlights the data availability and quality issues. The data included in the file are expressed in USD millions at 2005 prices and have been calculated using two main sources:
Not all series are complete, due to lack of comparable data for some countries. In particular, public and private domestic finance suffer from under-reporting. Issues to highlight:
There are no national data on key aggregates for low-income countries for 2000 and 2001. As a result, years 2000 and 2001 have not been included in the summary. Besides, as time-series are not complete, the aggregates for country groupings are calculated as sums of available data, and not scaled to estimate the missing data. Therefore, some fluctuations may reflect changes in the available data.
The inconsistency of different data sources results in certain anomalies where public international finance, private domestic finance or private international finance may exceed a country's GDP.
For public domestic finance, the WDI show systemically and significantly lower government revenues than those calculated by the IMF on the basis of country-by-country analysis (ex: WDI show tax revenues at 14% of GDP for MICs, while IMF estimated their share at 22% in a recent study1; WDI show sub-20% values for several developed and developing countries). The detailed and more accurate country data of the IMF is not publicly available, but this indicates that public domestic finance for developing countries in the attached table would in aggregate be underestimated by about 20%.
For private domestic finance, the data for the Private Gross Capital Formation (GCF) for OECD countries is not published, and therefore, aggregates for these countries cannot be drawn. The OECD does publish the annual change in GCF, but the underlying data is not made public. Also, for private domestic finance, the inconsistency of data from national accounts (WDI capital formation data) and balance of payments (WB IDS data on FDI) results in a downward bias (e.g., for Liberia and Mozambique).
In the international public finance, the receipts of developing countries are double what developed countries have reported as having provided. This is due to the operations of the multilateral organisations, which use donor funds to raise resources on the capital markets (leverage), and therefore, increase the resources available to developing countries. There is some double counting on the contributions to peacekeeping, as a small part of these operations are also reported as ODA (7% of peacekeeping contributions).
On peacekeeping and private grants, data are provided for donor countries, but not for recipient countries. For peacekeeping finance, the recipients could be calculated on the basis of
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UN PKO data. Data on private grants is not available, as there is no comprehensive reporting platform for the private givers.
| Flow | Methodology and Source |
| Public Domestic Finance | |
| Tax revenue | WB WDI. |
| WB International Debt Statistics 2014, PPG external debt | |
| Public or Publicly | from nonofficial creditors. Short-term debt not included. |
| Guaranteed (PPG) External | Official creditors covered under "Public international |
| Debt | Finance". |
| Total Reserves | WB International Debt Statistics 2014 |
| Public International | |
| Finance | |
| ODA Grants | OECD DAC Geo Book2 Net Disbursement |
| Concessional Loans | OECD DAC Geo Book Net Disbursement |
| Other official finance | OECD DAC Geo Book Net Disbursement |
| International security | |
| operations | OECD DAC 1 |
| Domestic Private Investment | (Private) Gross Capital Formation (Domestic Private Investment) is calculated on the basis of private and total Gross Fixed Capital Formation (source WB WDI). First, the ratio between Private Fixed Capital Formation and Public Fixed Capital Formation is applied Gross Capital Formation to find a proxy for Private Gross Capital Formation. Second, FDI and Private nonguaranteed external debt (source: World Bank IDS) are deducted from the private GCF, which gives the estimate for Domestic Private Gross Capital Formation. |
| External private finance (debt, FDI, portfolio investment, remittances) | |
| Private nonguaranteed | WB International Debt Statistics 2014, Short term debt |
| External Debt | not included. |
| FDI | WB WDI. |
| Foreign Portfolio Investment | WB WDI. |
| Remittances | WB WDI. |
| Private charity | DAC1 |
Figures on Official Development Assistance (ODA) are in current prices and taken from:
- the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) for those Member States on which the DAC reports.
- Member States' replies, for those Member States whose ODA data are not available through DAC.
- From 2014 onwards, ODA figures are taken, as far as available, from Member States' replies.
- Where a Member State presents only the ODA/GNI ratio, ODA will be calculated by multiplying it with the Commission's GNI figure. Where a Member State gives both the ODA figure and the ODA/GNI ratio, we will give preference to using the ODA figure as
2http ://stats. oecd. org/Index. aspx?DataSetCode=D ACGEO
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this gives a better indication of where the achievement of ODA/GNI targets is sensitive to differing assumptions on GNI.
- When information on both ODA and ODA/GNI ratio for 2014 and/or beyond is missing, the trend for the missing years is established on the basis of Compound Annual Growth Rate of 2008-2013, except if indicated differently.
Imputed multilateral aid for LDCs and Africa in 2013 was not calculated this year..
- Data on bilateral ODA to LDCs in 2013 were once again not provided by Germany. We therefore did not consider Germany in calculating the change in EU bilateral ODA to LDCs between 2012-2013.
Exchange rates used for conversion into EUR are:
- the annual DAC exchange rate in the case of the OECD/DAC data,
for Member States national currencies, the Commission's annual average exchange rates from Ameco database (extracted on March 11, 2014) up to 2015.
Figures for Gross National Income (GNI) are taken in current prices from:
- the OECD/DAC statistics, when available, to ensure consistency of the ODA/GNI data.
- the AMECO database as of March 11, 2014, for other Member States, and for the years not covered by the DAC, as well as for projections up to 2015.
There is often reference to OECD, and DAC membership of EU Member States. All
EU OECD members report to DAC, while only EU DAC Members report to DAC in great detail.
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The table below summarises the OECD and DAC membership of EU Member States.
| EU MEMBER STATES | OECD MEMBERS | DAC MEMBERS | REPORTING TO DAC |
| AT | Y | Y | Y |
| BE | Y | Y | Y |
| BG | Y | ||
| CY | Y | ||
| CZ | Y | Y | Y |
| DK | Y | Y | Y |
| EE | Y | Y | |
| FI | Y | Y | Y |
| FR | Y | Y | Y |
| DE | Y | Y | Y |
| EL | Y | Y | Y |
| HR | Y | ||
| HU | Y | Y | |
| IE | Y | Y | Y |
| IT | Y | Y | Y |
| LV | Y | ||
| LT | Y | ||
| LU | Y | Y | Y |
| MT | Y | ||
| NL | Y | Y | Y |
| PL | Y | Y | Y |
| PT | Y | Y | Y |
| RO | Y | ||
| SK | Y | Y | Y |
| SI | Y | Y | Y |
| ES | Y | Y | Y |
| SE | Y | Y | Y |
| UK | Y | Y | Y |
21 19 28
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There is often reference to EU 28, EU 27, EU 15 and EU 12. The table below gives the list of Member States in each category:
| EU MEMBER STATES | EU 28 | EU 27 | EU 15 | EU 12 | |
| AT | Y | Y | Y | ||
| BE | Y | Y | Y | ||
| BG | Y | Y | Y | ||
| CY | Y | Y | Y | ||
| CZ | Y | Y | Y | ||
| DK | Y | Y | Y | ||
| EE | Y | Y | Y | ||
| FI | Y | Y | Y | ||
| FR | Y | Y | Y | ||
| DE | Y | Y | Y | ||
| EL | Y | Y | Y | ||
| HR | Y | ||||
| HU | Y | Y | Y | ||
| IE | Y | Y | Y | ||
| IT | Y | Y | Y | ||
| LV | Y | Y | Y | ||
| LT | Y | Y | Y | ||
| LU | Y | Y | Y | ||
| MT | Y | Y | Y | ||
| NL | Y | Y | Y | ||
| PL | Y | Y | Y | ||
| PT | Y | Y | Y | ||
| RO | Y | Y | Y | ||
| SK | Y | Y | Y | ||
| SI | Y | Y | Y | ||
| ES | Y | Y | Y | ||
| SE | Y | Y | Y | ||
| UK | Y | Y | Y |
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